In the design of all research using questionnaires, the essential elements include:
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Precise, efficient questions: Questions should be clear and concise, allowing respondents to understand them easily and providing the researcher with useful data.
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Questions that get clear, unambiguous answers: It is crucial that the questions elicit responses that are easy to interpret and analyze, avoiding confusion for respondents.
The other options, "technical questions to separate experts from novices" and "questions that avoid asking about personal information," may be relevant in specific contexts, but they are not universally essential for all research using questionnaires.
So, the correct answers are:
- Precise, efficient questions
- Questions that get clear, unambiguous answers