C o p y r ig h t©M c G r a w -H illE d u c a t io n . P e r m is s io n is g r a n t e dt or e p r o d u c ef o r c la s s r o o mu s e . NAME DATE CLASS Guided Reading Islamic Civilization ESSENTIAL QUESTION • How do belief systems influence society and government? Lesson 2 The Spread of Islam Founding an Empire Determining Cause and Effect Below is a list of events. Select the four true events that occurred after Muhammad’s death and list them in the correct sequence. Muhammad conquered Spain. Umayyad caliphs ruled the Arab Empire from Damascus. Muslims decided to call their new leaders “king.” Islam extended into Spain and parts of Africa and Asia. Muhammad did not name a leader to follow him. Muslim leaders decided to call new leaders “caliphs.” Islam extended into Great Britain. 2.1. 3.4. 632 C.E. Muhammad died.

Question

C o p y r ig h t©M c G r a w -H illE d u c a t io n . P e r m is s io n is g r a n t e dt or e p r o d u c ef o r c la s s r o o mu s e . NAME DATE CLASS Guided Reading Cont. Islamic Civilization Identifying Write T next to every true statement. Write F if the statement is false. Describing The first column below identifies different groups within the Islamic empire. In the second column, write a short sentence describing each group. Muslim GroupDescription Shia 8. Sunni 9. Abbasids 10. Seljuk Turks 11. Umayyads 12. 5. Muslim traders built trading posts in Southeast Asia and taught Islam there.6. Jewish culture prospered under Muslim rule in Spain.7. The caliphs declared conquered people had to convert to Islam. Division and Growth
C o p y r ig h t©M c G r a w -H illE d u c a t io n . P e r m is s io n is g r a n t e dt or e p r o d u c ef o r c la s s r o o mu s e . NAME DATE CLASS Guided Reading Cont. Islamic Civilization Explaining Write the words that correctly complete each sentence. 13. The Umayyad caliphs expanded the empire by . 14. The Abbasid caliphs expanded the empire by . 15. The Sunnis and Shia about the basic practices of Islam. Three Muslim Empires 16. Describing Fill in the chart below with information about each of the three Muslim empires. Three Muslim Empires Ottomans Safavids Mughals Came from Conquered Ruled by Length of empire 17. Analyzing Write three sentences that describe the rule of Suleiman I of the Ottoman Empire

Answer 1

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Determining Cause and Effect

True Events After Muhammad's Death (in sequence):

1. Muhammad did not name a leader to follow him. (632 C.E.)
2. Muslim leaders decided to call new leaders “caliphs.”
3. Umayyad caliphs ruled the Arab Empire from Damascus.
4. Islam extended into Spain and parts of Africa and Asia.

Identifying True/False Statements

| Statement | True/False | |--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|------------| | 5. Muslim traders built trading posts in Southeast Asia and taught Islam there. | T | | 6. Jewish culture prospered under Muslim rule in Spain. | T | | 7. The caliphs declared conquered people had to convert to Islam. | F |

Muslim Groups Description

| Muslim Group | Description | |-------------------|-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------| | Shia | Shia Muslims believe that leadership should have remained within the family of Muhammad. | | Sunni | Sunni Muslims follow the practices of Muhammad and accept the elected caliphs as leaders. | | Abbasids | The Abbasids overthrew the Umayyads and ruled a vast empire with a focus on culture and learning. | | Seljuk Turks | The Seljuk Turks were a powerful group that held significant territory in the Middle East and promoted Sunni Islam. | | Umayyads | The Umayyads expanded the Islamic empire and established Arabic as the administrative language.|

Explaining Completion of Sentences

13. The Umayyad caliphs expanded the empire by military conquests and establishing trade routes.
14. The Abbasid caliphs expanded the empire by promoting trade, culture, and scientific advancements.
15. The Sunnis and Shia disagree on the rightful succession and leadership of the Islamic community based on their interpretations of the practices of Islam.

Three Muslim Empires Chart

| Three Muslim Empires | Ottomans | Safavids | Mughals | |----------------------|------------------------------|-----------------------------|------------------------------| | Came from | Turkey and Central Asia | Persia (modern Iran) | Northern India | | Conquered | Southeast Europe, Arab lands | Most of Persia | Most of the Indian subcontinent | | Ruled by | Sultans (e.g., Suleiman I) | Shahs | Great Mughal Emperors (e.g., Akbar) | | Length of empire | 1299 to 1922 | 1501 to 1736 | 1526 to 1857 |

Analyzing Suleiman I's Rule

Suleiman I, known as Suleiman the Magnificent, ruled the Ottoman Empire during its golden age. He is credited with expanding the empire significantly, controlling large areas of Europe, Asia, and Africa. Suleiman also implemented extensive reforms in legal and administrative systems, which strengthened the empire and enhanced its cultural identity.

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