Which of these is a disturbance that would trigger primary succession?(1 point)

Responses

glacial retreat

road construction

wildfire

livestock grazing

1 answer

Glacial retreat is a disturbance that would trigger primary succession. Primary succession occurs in lifeless areas where soil has not yet formed, such as after a glacier retreats, exposing bare rock and starting the process of ecosystem development from scratch.

In contrast, the other options (road construction, wildfire, and livestock grazing) are associated with secondary succession, where soil and some life forms already exist.