Question

Which of these is a disturbance that would trigger primary succession?(1 point) Responses
road construction
wildfire
livestock grazing
glacial retreat

Answer 1

Glacial retreat would trigger primary succession. Primary succession occurs in environments where no soil exists, such as areas exposed by retreating glaciers, where new land is formed from bare rock. Road construction and wildfire typically disturb existing ecosystems but can lead to secondary succession if soil and some organisms remain. Livestock grazing primarily affects existing ecosystems rather than creating entirely new ones.