Question

Which of these is a disturbance that would trigger primary succession?(1 point)
Responses

road construction
road construction

glacial retreat
glacial retreat

wildfire
wildfire

livestock grazing

Answer 1

Glacial retreat is a disturbance that would trigger primary succession. Primary succession occurs in an area where no soil exists, such as after a glacier retreats, leaving bare rock. Other options like road construction and wildfire can lead to secondary succession, where soil is already present. Livestock grazing also does not create a sterile environment suitable for primary succession.