To determine the subatomic particles in the isotope \( \text{Ga}^{77}_{31} \):
- The number \( 31 \) (the superscript) represents the atomic number, which indicates the number of protons (\( p^+ \)).
- The number \( 77 \) (the subscript) represents the mass number, which is the total number of protons and neutrons (\( n^0 \)) in the nucleus.
So, we can calculate the number of neutrons:
\[ \text{Number of neutrons} = \text{Mass number} - \text{Atomic number} = 77 - 31 = 46 \]
Now, addressing the electrons, in a neutral atom, the number of electrons is equal to the number of protons. Therefore, there are \( 31 \) electrons (\( e^- \)).
To summarize:
- Protons (\( p^+ \)) = 31
- Neutrons (\( n^0 \)) = 46
- Electrons (\( e^- \)) = 31
We can now match this information to the options provided:
The correct representation is: 31 protons, 46 neutrons, 31 electrons
None of the options directly match. However, the only plausible descriptor indicating the particles (though incorrectly labeled) in this list would be:
- 31 p+, 46 n0, 31 e-
As such, while the last part of your options doesn't match precisely with the given options, the first choice (1st option) matches in the count of protons and electrons but mismatches on neutrons as per the exact scheme.
However, if we have to choose strictly among the options given, the interpretation maps close towards:
31 p+, 46 n0, 31 e- (1st option, if you adjust for neutron mislabelling).
If we consider clarity on placement amid options, choose based on which reflects protons and electrons correctly.
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