What is the objective of this lesson?

Question

Atoms are tiny particles that are the smallest unit of an element. They are the building blocks of all matter.

Subatomic particles are the smaller particles that makeup atoms. What are the three subatomic particles?

Use the next few pages in the lesson to complete the following table.
Subatomic Particle
Charge
Location
Proton

nucleus

negative

What is the atomic number?

Which subatomic particles are located in the nucleus?

Answer 1

The objective of this lesson is to understand the basic structure of atoms, including the identification and characteristics of subatomic particles, and their roles in forming matter.

To complete the table for subatomic particles, we have:

| Subatomic Particle | Charge | Location | |--------------------|-----------|-----------| | Proton | Positive | Nucleus | | Neutron | Neutral | Nucleus | | Electron | Negative | Orbitals (surrounding the nucleus) |

Additional Questions:

• What is the atomic number? The atomic number is the number of protons in the nucleus of an atom. It determines the identity of an element and its position on the periodic table.

• Which subatomic particles are located in the nucleus? The subatomic particles located in the nucleus are protons and neutrons.

Answer 2

What is the mass number?

How can you determine the number of neutrons in the nucleus if you know the mass number and the atomic number?
Use the model above to answer (model has 3 protons, 4 neutrons, and 3 electrons) the following questions:
What is the atomic number of the element?

What is the mass number of the element?

What is the name of the element? (Use the periodic table on page 5)


How many electrons can each of the first 3 energy levels hold?
1st-

2nd-

3rd-

**It is important to know that the lowest energy levels must be filled with electrons before a higher energy level will begin to fill. The 2nd energy level will not begin to fill with electrons unless there are already 2 electrons in the first level.

Answer 3

What is the mass number?

The mass number is the total number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus of an atom. It is usually represented by the symbol \(A\).

How can you determine the number of neutrons in the nucleus if you know the mass number and the atomic number?

You can determine the number of neutrons by using the formula:

\[ \text{Number of Neutrons} = \text{Mass Number} - \text{Atomic Number} \]

Given the model with 3 protons, 4 neutrons, and 3 electrons:

1. What is the atomic number of the element? The atomic number is equal to the number of protons, which is 3.

2. What is the mass number of the element? The mass number is the sum of protons and neutrons: \[ \text{Mass Number} = \text{Protons} + \text{Neutrons} = 3 + 4 = 7 \]

3. What is the name of the element? According to the periodic table, the element with an atomic number of 3 is Lithium (Li).

How many electrons can each of the first 3 energy levels hold?

• 1st energy level: 2 electrons
• 2nd energy level: 8 electrons
• 3rd energy level: 18 electrons

Summary:

• Atomic number: 3
• Mass number: 7
• Name of the element: Lithium (Li)
• Electron capacity:
  • 1st level: 2
  • 2nd level: 8
  • 3rd level: 18

Answer 4

the atom has 11 electrons, 11 protons, and 12 neutrons

The above atom is Sodium. Look carefully at how the 11 electrons are distributed in the first three shells. Notice that there are 2 in the first, 8 in the second and only 1 in the third. 2+8+1=11
IMPORTANT: CHECK-IN ON PAGES 10, 13, 14,

Pay attention to pages 15-19 to understand how to find information about the atomic number, mass number, and number of each subatomic particle. Fill in the missing information in the table below.
Element
Atomic #
Mass #
# of Protons
# of Neutrons
# of Electrons
Oxygen

16

8

Calcium
20

20

Uranium

238
92

Answer 5

Based on the information provided, let's fill in the missing information for the elements mentioned in the table:

Table of Elements

| Element | Atomic # | Mass # | # of Protons | # of Neutrons | # of Electrons | |-----------|----------|--------|--------------|----------------|-----------------| | Oxygen | 8 | 16 | 8 | 8 | 8 | | Calcium | 20 | 40 | 20 | 20 | 20 | | Uranium | 92 | 238 | 92 | 146 | 92 |

Explanation:

1. Oxygen:

   • Atomic #: 8 (number of protons)
   • Mass #: 16 (protons + neutrons: 8 + 8)

   • of Protons: 8

   • of Neutrons: 8 (Mass # - Atomic # = 16 - 8)

   • of Electrons: 8 (for a neutral atom)

2. Calcium:

   • Atomic #: 20 (number of protons)
   • Mass #: 40 (protons + neutrons: 20 + 20)

   • of Protons: 20

   • of Neutrons: 20 (Mass # - Atomic # = 40 - 20)

   • of Electrons: 20 (for a neutral atom)

3. Uranium:

   • Atomic #: 92 (number of protons)
   • Mass #: 238 (protons + neutrons: 92 + 146)

   • of Protons: 92

   • of Neutrons: 146 (Mass # - Atomic # = 238 - 92)

   • of Electrons: 92 (for a neutral atom)

Feel free to reach out for any further clarification or assistance!

Answer 6

What is a molecule?

What is the ball and stick model of atoms?

What do the sticks in the ball and stick model represent?

Why do scientists use models to represent atoms and molecules?

What molecule is shown above?

Answer 7

What is a molecule?

A molecule is a group of two or more atoms that are chemically bonded together. Molecules can consist of atoms of the same element (e.g., O\(_2\) for oxygen) or different elements (e.g., H\(_2\)O for water). The atoms within a molecule are held together by chemical bonds, which can be covalent, ionic, or metallic, depending on the nature of the interactions.

What is the ball and stick model of atoms?

The ball and stick model is a three-dimensional representation used in chemistry to depict atoms as spheres (the "balls") and chemical bonds as rods (the "sticks"). In this model, the size of the spheres typically represents the relative sizes of the atoms, while the length of the sticks indicates the bonds between them.

What do the sticks in the ball and stick model represent?

The sticks in the ball and stick model represent chemical bonds between atoms. They illustrate how atoms are connected and the arrangement of atoms within a molecule. The angle and length of the sticks can indicate bond types (single, double, or triple bonds) and the molecular geometry.

Why do scientists use models to represent atoms and molecules?

Scientists use models to represent atoms and molecules for several reasons:

1. Visualization: Atoms and molecules are too small to be seen directly or to conceptualize easily. Models help visualize the structure and arrangement of atoms.
2. Understanding Relationships: Models illustrate the relationships between different atoms, allowing scientists to understand the molecular geometry, bond angles, and interactions.
3. Predicting Behavior: By using models, scientists can predict how molecules will behave in chemical reactions, their physical properties, and their interactions with other molecules.
4. Communication: Models provide a standardized way for scientists to communicate complex ideas about molecular structure and function.

What molecule is shown above?

Unfortunately, without a specific image or description provided, I cannot identify the molecule in question. If you can give a description of the molecule, its chemical formula, or any specific features, I'd be happy to help you identify it!

Answer 8

can you simplify and shorten all of those into 1-2 sentences

Answer 9

A molecule is a group of two or more atoms chemically bonded together. The ball and stick model represents atoms as spheres (balls) and bonds as rods (sticks), helping scientists visualize and understand the structure, arrangement, and behavior of molecules.

Answer 10

3 hydrogens and 1 nitrogen
What would the chemical formula be for the molecule above?

Read key concepts on page 2.
Read Check-In on page 3.
Read Check-In on page 6.

Quick Check Help: Extended structure describes the repeated arrangement of the same molecule.

Lesson 4: The Periodic Table
What is the objective of this lesson?

What is a group on the periodic table? What similarities do elements in the same group have?

Valence electrons are electrons found in the atom’s valence shell. What is the valence shell?

What does the number of valence electrons determine?

Answer 11

Chemical Formula

For a molecule with 3 hydrogens and 1 nitrogen, the chemical formula would be NH\(_3\), which is ammonia.

Objective of Lesson 4: The Periodic Table

The objective of this lesson is to understand the organization of the periodic table, the properties of elements, and how these properties relate to their positions on the table.

What is a Group on the Periodic Table?

A group on the periodic table is a column of elements that share similar chemical properties and have the same number of valence electrons. Elements in the same group often exhibit similar reactivity and formation of compounds.

What is the Valence Shell?

The valence shell is the outermost electron shell of an atom, which contains the valence electrons.

What Does the Number of Valence Electrons Determine?

The number of valence electrons determines an atom's chemical reactivity, the types of bonds it can form, and its ability to combine with other elements to create compounds.