A solid is one of the four fundamental states of matter, the others being liquid, gas, and plasma. Solids have a definite shape and volume due to the closely packed arrangement of their particles (atoms, molecules, or ions). The particles in a solid vibrate in place but do not move freely, which gives solids their rigidity and stability.
Solids can be classified into two main categories:
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Crystalline solids: These have a highly ordered structure and a specific geometric arrangement of particles. Examples include table salt, diamonds, and metals. Crystalline solids have distinct melting points.
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Amorphous solids: These lack a long-range order and do not have a definite geometric shape. Examples include glass, rubber, and plastics. Amorphous solids do not have a sharp melting point and gradually soften when heated.
The properties of solids, such as hardness, ductility, and thermal and electrical conductivity, can vary widely depending on their composition and structure.
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