In plant physiology explain the structure and properties of water

Answer 1

Water is essential for life and plays a critical role in the physiology of plants. It is a polar molecule composed of two hydrogen atoms and one oxygen atom, with a bent shape that gives it a slightly negative charge on the oxygen atom and slightly positive charges on the hydrogen atoms. This polarity allows water molecules to form hydrogen bonds with each other, resulting in high cohesion and adhesion properties.

The properties of water that are important for plant physiology include:

1. Cohesion: Water molecules stick to each other through hydrogen bonding, allowing water to move in a continuous column up the xylem vessels of plants. This cohesion helps to transport water and nutrients from roots to leaves.

2. Adhesion: Water molecules also stick to the walls of xylem vessels and plant surfaces through adhesion, helping water to move against gravity and reach all parts of the plant.

3. High specific heat capacity: Water can absorb and retain a large amount of heat without significant changes in temperature. This property helps to regulate plant temperatures and protect them from sudden temperature fluctuations.

4. High heat of vaporization: Water requires a large amount of energy to evaporate, resulting in cooling effects when water transpires from plant leaves. This cooling effect helps to regulate plant temperatures and prevent overheating.

5. Solvent properties: Water is a universal solvent, capable of dissolving a wide range of molecules and ions. This property allows plants to transport nutrients and minerals through the soil and within their tissues.

6. Surface tension: Water molecules at the surface of a plant or water body stick together due to cohesion, forming a surface tension that allows for the movement of small organisms and nutrients across the water surface.

Overall, the structure and properties of water play a crucial role in the growth, development, and survival of plants, contributing to their ability to transport water and nutrients, regulate temperature, and support various physiological processes.