In 3–5 sentences, analyze two major challenges to newly independent states, citing one short-term effect and one long-term effect.(4 points)

Answer 1

One major challenge to newly independent states is the lack of infrastructure and institutional capacity. In the short-term, this can lead to difficulties in delivering basic services such as healthcare and education to the population. In the long-term, it can hinder economic growth and development as the state struggles to attract investment and build a strong foundation for sustainable development.

Another major challenge is political instability and conflict. In the short-term, this can lead to violence and disruption of daily life for citizens, as well as instability in governance and leadership. In the long-term, it can create a cycle of instability and lack of trust in institutions, making it difficult for the state to establish a stable and functioning government.