In 5-6 sentences, analyze two major challenges to newly independent states, citing one short-term effect and one long-term effect. Could focus on India, Vietnam. Etc.

Answer 1

One major challenge to newly independent states is the lack of institutional capacity and infrastructure. In the short term, this can result in difficulties in providing basic services such as healthcare and education to the population. Over the long term, this can lead to a lack of economic development and hinder the country's ability to compete on a global scale.

Another major challenge is the process of nation-building, particularly in ethnically or culturally diverse countries. In the short term, this can result in internal conflict and social unrest as different groups vie for power and resources. In the long term, this can lead to ongoing tensions and divisions within the country, making it difficult to achieve unity and stability.