The correct response would be:
Political changes included the rise of European monarchies and changes in the balance of power in Europe. Economic changes included a rebalance of economic power due to a human labor shortage.
This is because the rise of strong monarchies in Europe during the late Middle Ages helped centralize power and resources, facilitating exploration and colonization efforts. The human labor shortage, particularly following events like the Black Death, shifted economic power, leading to a demand for new sources of labor and resources, which in turn spurred European nations to explore and colonize new lands.