The most accurate response would be:
Political changes included the rise of European monarchies and changes in the balance of power in Europe. Economic changes included a rebalance of economic power due to a human labor shortage.
This response highlights key political shifts such as the centralization of power under monarchies and the factors that contributed to changing dynamics in trade and economic structures following events like the Black Death, which caused labor shortages and increased the bargaining power of peasants and workers. These changes set the stage for European nations to seek new markets and resources, contributing to the age of exploration and colonization.