Assessment as learning explanation as argued by different scholars. And provide relevant examples in terms of the learner and teacher activities that can promote each kind of assessment.

Answer 1

Assessment as learning is an approach that places emphasis on assessment as a process that enhances learning rather than just evaluating learning outcomes. Several scholars have argued in favor of this approach, including Rick Stiggins, Dylan Wiliam, and Ken O'Connor. These scholars believe that assessment should be an integral part of the learning process, where students are actively involved in self-assessment, peer assessment, and goal setting to promote their own learning.

Rick Stiggins argues that assessment as learning involves students learning how to monitor their own learning progress, set goals, and make adjustments to their learning strategies. One way to promote assessment as learning is to encourage students to reflect on their own learning and set goals for improvement. For example, teachers can provide students with rubrics and criteria for assessment and ask them to self-assess their work based on these criteria. Teachers can also facilitate peer assessment activities where students provide feedback to each other on their work.

Dylan Wiliam emphasizes the importance of formative assessment in promoting assessment as learning. Formative assessment involves providing feedback to students on their learning progress and helping them to make improvements. Teachers can promote assessment as learning by providing timely and specific feedback to students on their work. For example, teachers can use formative assessment techniques such as exit tickets, quizzes, and peer feedback to help students monitor their learning progress and make adjustments as needed.

Ken O'Connor argues that assessment as learning should focus on developing students' metacognitive skills, such as self-regulation and self-assessment. Teachers can promote assessment as learning by teaching students how to set goals, monitor their progress, and reflect on their learning. For example, teachers can guide students in setting learning goals, tracking their progress, and reflecting on their learning experiences through journaling or self-assessment activities.

Overall, assessment as learning is a student-centered approach that empowers students to take ownership of their learning and develop their metacognitive skills. By involving students in self-assessment, peer assessment, and goal setting activities, teachers can promote assessment as learning and help students become more independent and reflective learners.