A scientist is studying a new protist species that is a type of single-celled eukaryote. Using both microscope and biochemical techniques, they have determined the following movements across the cells membrane:

Question

Biomolecule Movement #1:

Lactose moves through a channel protein in the membrane of the cell from a high concentration on the outside to a low concentration of lactose on the inside.

Biomolecule Movement #2:

Potassium is pumped out of the cell using a membrane protein from a low concentration of potassium on the inside of the cell to a high concentration of potassium on the outside of the cell.

Biomolecule Movement #3:

Oxygen gas moves from a high concentration on the outside of the cell to a low concentration inside the cell. The gas does not appear to need any membrane protein to cross the cell membrane.

Biomolecule Movement #4:

Water moves from a hypotonic environment on the outside of the cell to a hypertonic environment on the inside of the cell through protein channels called aquaporins.



Based on these conclusions, identify the movement of biomolecules that demonstrates both osmosis and facilitated diffusion across a cell membrane.

(1 point)
Responses

Biomolecule Movement #1
Biomolecule Movement #1

Biomolecule Movement #4
Biomolecule Movement #4

Biomolecule Movement #2
Biomolecule Movement #2

Biomolecule Movement #3

Question
Why are proteins one of the most important materials that a cell manufactures?(1 point)
Responses

because they serve as a template for amino acid synthesis
because they serve as a template for amino acid synthesis

because they code for RNA
because they code for RNA

because they carry out major functions in cells
because they carry out major functions in cells

because they code for DNA

Animal and plant cells are both eukaryotic cells, but they have evolved to solve different environmental challenges. Identify the option that correctly lists the organelles that are only seen in plant cells.(1 point)
Responses

chloroplasts, cell wall, and central vacuole
chloroplasts, cell wall, and central vacuole

nucleus, rough endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus
nucleus, rough endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus

cell membrane, mitochondria, chloroplasts
cell membrane, mitochondria, chloroplasts

chloroplasts and central vacuole only

How does phagocytosis relate to the formation of eukaryotes? (1 point)
Responses

Phagocytosis, a type of membrane-bound organelle, forced its way into a prokaryote.
Phagocytosis, a type of membrane-bound organelle, forced its way into a prokaryote.

Phagocytosis, a type of cell, was engulfed by a host cell during the outward folding of its membrane.
Phagocytosis, a type of cell, was engulfed by a host cell during the outward folding of its membrane.

Phagocytosis, a type of endocytosis, was used by a prokaryote to engulf a second prokaryote.
Phagocytosis, a type of endocytosis, was used by a prokaryote to engulf a second prokaryote.

Phagocytosis, a type of cell membrane, was used to create a compartment within the cell.

Answer 1

Let's address each question based on the provided information and biological principles.

1. Movement of biomolecules that demonstrates both osmosis and facilitated diffusion:

   • Osmosis involves the movement of water across a selectively permeable membrane from an area of low solute concentration to an area of high solute concentration.
   • Facilitated diffusion involves the movement of substances across a membrane via specific transmembrane proteins, along their concentration gradient without energy expenditure.
   • Based on these definitions, Biomolecule Movement #4 (water moves from a hypotonic environment to a hypertonic environment through aquaporins) clearly demonstrates osmosis (the movement of water) and facilitated diffusion (as it moves through protein channels).
   • Answer: Biomolecule Movement #4

2. Why are proteins one of the most important materials that a cell manufactures?

   • Proteins play crucial roles in virtually every cell function. They are essential for the structure, function, and regulation of the body’s organs and tissues, and they carry out numerous biological processes.
   • The best answer from the options provided is: because they carry out major functions in cells.
   • Answer: because they carry out major functions in cells

3. Identify the option that correctly lists the organelles that are only seen in plant cells:

   • Plant cells have specific organelles that are not found in animal cells, such as chloroplasts (for photosynthesis), a cell wall (for structural support), and a central vacuole (for storage and maintaining turgor pressure).
   • Thus, the correct answer is: chloroplasts, cell wall, and central vacuole.
   • Answer: chloroplasts, cell wall, and central vacuole

4. How does phagocytosis relate to the formation of eukaryotes?

   • Phagocytosis is a form of endocytosis where a cell engulfs large particles or other cells, which contributes to the evolution of eukaryotic cells from prokaryotic ancestors.
   • The correct statement from the options is: Phagocytosis, a type of endocytosis, was used by a prokaryote to engulf a second prokaryote. This process suggests a possible mechanism for the formation of early eukaryotes through the engulfing of smaller prokaryotes, leading to symbiotic relationships.
   • Answer: Phagocytosis, a type of endocytosis, was used by a prokaryote to engulf a second prokaryote.

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