To calculate the force applied to the baseball, we can use Newton's second law of motion, which states:
\[ F = m \cdot a \]
where:
- \( F \) is the force,
- \( m \) is the mass,
- \( a \) is the acceleration.
First, we need to convert the mass of the baseball from grams to kilograms, since the standard unit of mass in the International System of Units (SI) is kilograms (kg).
\[ m = 145 , \text{g} = \frac{145}{1000} , \text{kg} = 0.145 , \text{kg} \]
Next, we can substitute the values of mass and acceleration into the formula:
\[ F = 0.145 , \text{kg} \cdot 80 , \text{m/s}^2 \]
Now we perform the multiplication:
\[ F = 11.6 , \text{N} \]
Therefore, the force that the pitcher applied to the baseball is 11.6 Newtons.
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