To calculate the force applied to the baseball, we can use Newton's second law of motion, which states that \( F = m \cdot a \), where \( F \) is the force, \( m \) is the mass, and \( a \) is the acceleration.
First, we need to convert the mass of the baseball from grams to kilograms:
\[ 145 \text{ g} = 0.145 \text{ kg} \]
Next, we know the acceleration is given as \( 80 , \text{m/s}^2 \).
Now we can plug these values into the formula:
\[ F = 0.145 , \text{kg} \cdot 80 , \text{m/s}^2 \]
\[ F = 11.6 , \text{N} \]
So the force that the pitcher applied to the baseball is \( \text{11.6 N} \).
The correct response is:
11.6 N