Cytology tests are laboratory procedures that involve the examination of cells to diagnose diseases, particularly cancer. Here are some common types of cytology tests:
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Fine Needle Aspiration (FNA) Cytology: A needle is used to extract cellular material from a lump or mass for examination. It’s commonly used for thyroid nodules and breast lumps.
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Pap Smear (Papanicolaou Test): A screening test for cervical cancer where cells are collected from the cervix and examined for abnormalities.
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Bronchial Washings and Brushings: These are used to obtain cells from the lungs and airways, often used to investigate lung diseases, infections, or tumors.
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Urine Cytology: This test examines urine samples for abnormal cells and is often used for bladder cancer screening.
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Sputum Cytology: Examination of mucus coughed up from the lungs to check for cancerous or abnormal cells.
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Serous Fluid Cytology: Assessment of fluid from body cavities (like ascites or pleural effusion) to find malignant cells.
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Skin Cytology (Scrapings or Imprints): Collection of cells from skin lesions to assess for infections, inflammatory diseases, or malignancies.
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Core Needle Biopsy: While primarily a histological test, it can yield cells for cytological analysis, often from breast or prostate tissue.
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Bone Marrow Aspiration: Involves collecting marrow cells from bones, typically used for diagnosing blood disorders like leukemia.
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Cervical Cytology (Liquid-based Cytology): A variation of the Pap test where cervical cells are suspended in a liquid and analyzed for abnormalities.
These tests play a crucial role in early disease detection, treatment planning, and monitoring the progression of diseases.
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