Cytology tests are diagnostic procedures that involve the examination of cells from various body fluids or tissues to identify abnormalities, including infections, inflammations, or cancerous changes. Here are some common types of cytology tests:
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Fine Needle Aspiration (FNA) Cytology: A minimally invasive procedure that uses a thin needle to extract cells from a lump or mass, often used for thyroid nodules, lymphadenopathy, and breast masses.
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Exfoliative Cytology: Involves the collection of cells shed from surfaces, such as:
- Pap Smear: Used for cervical cancer screening by collecting cells from the cervix.
- Sputum Cytology: Involves analyzing cells from sputum (mucus) to detect lung cancer or infections.
- Urine Cytology: Examines cells from urine to detect bladder cancer and other urinary disorders.
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Bronchial Washings/Bronchoalveolar Lavage (BAL) Cytology: Involves collecting cells from the lungs for examination, often used in diagnosing pulmonary infections or tumors.
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CSF Cytology: Analyzes cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) to evaluate conditions like meningitis or central nervous system tumors.
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Pleural and Peritoneal Fluid Cytology: Involves analyzing fluid collected from the pleural space (around the lungs) or peritoneal cavity (abdomen) to check for cancerous cells, infections, or other diseases.
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Endoscopic Cytology: Obtaining cells from tissues in the gastrointestinal tract or other hollow organs via endoscopy.
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Touch Imprint Cytology: Cells from a tissue sample are pressed onto a slide for examination, often used in surgical pathology.
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Aspiration Cytology of Cysts: Examining fluid from cysts to determine its nature, such as differentiating between benign and malignant conditions.
These testing methods can provide essential information for diagnosis and management of various diseases, particularly cancers and infectious diseases.