I am having trouble finding a 7-letter word for the type of light a firefly makes, and a 10 letter word for the type of light a lightbulb makes.

Answer 1

firefly = lantern

lightbulb = photometry

Sra

Answer 2

What kind of lightbulb? It makes a difference. The light from tungsten-filament lamps has a continuous spectrum; the bioluminescent light from a firefly does also, but has some spectral band structure, and hardly any blue or violet.

They are not going to teach you much science with questions like this.