Questions and answers by

Jasmine Holman

Questions (212)

The slow formation of clays and thin soils in the desert is due to _____.rainless winters decaying plants mechanical weathering
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.Which statement is not true about weathering in deserts? Chemical weathering causes the red color of some desert rocks.
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Icebergs are produced when large pieces of ice break off from the front of a glacier during a process called _____.plucking
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Eskers are glacial features formed when _____.sediment is deposited in a broad ramp-like accumulation downstream large amounts
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When wind creates a sand dune, the sheltered side of the dune _____.is more steeply sloped than the windward side is less
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Over time, sand dunes tend to migrate _____.perpendicular to the movement of the wind toward the wind in the same direction that
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Where do glaciers always form?in areas where more snow falls than melts in oceans in high mountains in areas very close to
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Most streams carry the largest part of their load _____.along the stream’s bottom as bed load in suspension as dissolved
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Stalactites _____.hang from the ceiling of a cavern grow up from the floor of a cavern are made from different minerals than
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Occasionally, deposition causes the main channel of a stream to divide into several smaller channels called _____.oxbow lakes
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Which is not associated with areas of karst topography?sinkholes sinking streams caverns flowing rivers
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A floodplain forms where a stream _____.cuts downward rapidly rises above its base level carries no bed load cuts mainly side to
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The average annual precipitation worldwide must equal the quantity of water that _____.infiltrates evaporates transpires is used
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What type of stream valley forms in mountainous areas?a narrow V-shaped valley a wide, flat valley a floodplain an oxbow lake
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What is the ultimate base level of a stream?larger stream layer of rock lake ocean
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Which type of rock usually underlies a karst landscape?shale limestone granite basalt
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A measure of a material’s ability to transmit fluids through interconnected pore spaces is called _____.porosity competence
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Which factor does not influence stream velocity?stream discharge channel size stream gradient stream elevation
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In a typical stream, where the gradient is steep, the discharge is _____.large absent immeasurable small
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An intermittent hot spring in which a column of water shoots up with great force at various intervals is a _____.mud flat geyser
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The capacity of a stream is directly related to its _____.velocity discharge meandering gradient
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By what process do streams and rivers move material?infiltration weathering erosion mass wasting
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What is the correct order for the process of water eroding soil?gullies, rills, sheet erosion sheet erosion, rills, gullies
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What kind of material is found in the C horizon of a soil profile?partially weathered parent material hardpan mineral and
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Since the existence of humans, the amount of sediments carried by rivers has _____.decreased by about half stayed about the same
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Which statement is not true about mass movements?Gravity is the driving force behind all mass movements. Some mass movements are
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Which weathering process involves the constant freezing and thawing of water?frost wedging unloading exfoliation spheroidal
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The slowest type of mass movement, which involves the lifting and contracting of soil particles over time, is called _____.an
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One trigger of mass movements is the pores in sediments filling with _____.water debris air sand
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Which is a result of chemical weathering?a rock that has changed into one or more new compounds a rock that has been split into
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A soil’s texture is determined by _____.type of humus mineral composition water content particle size
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What type of mass movement occurs when rock fragments or rocks fall freely through the air?slide creep rockfall earthflow
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Which factor does not commonly trigger mass movements?saturation of surface materials with water earthquakes flat surfaces
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Chemical weathering is most active in a _____.warm, humid climate warm, dry climate cold, dry climate
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Which type of mechanical weathering is most common in mountainous regions in the middle latitudes?frost wedging unloading
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A soil associated with the hot and wet tropics is _____.pedocal bedrock soil pedalfer laterite
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Which is not a factor that affects the rate of weathering in rocks?climate biological evolution exposed surface area rock
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Soils, forests, and minerals are among Earth’s _____ resources.land water renewable nonrenewable
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What is the function of the atmosphere’s ozone layer?It provides the oxygen needed for human life. It protects Earth from the
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The _____ Act requires industries to reduce or eliminate the release of point source pollution into surface waters.Water Safety
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Hydroelectric power produces electricity using _____.tidal movement geothermal heat pressurized steam falling water
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Which is an example of a renewable resource?natural gas cotton coal copper
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Which substance is a fuel used in nuclear power plants?uranium carbon dioxide coal sulfur dioxide
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An unnatural temperature increase in the atmosphere near Earth's surface is called _____.acid precipitation ozone accumulation
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The mining of oil shale requires _____.semi-arid conditions pressurized steam hot metal-rich fluids large amounts of water
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Each day, Earth receives 10,000 times the total energy used by all human beings. The source of this energy is _____.ocean tides
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Which is a drawback to the extensive use of solar energy?It is nonrenewable and usually unavailable at night. It is available
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By 1999, after the Clean Water Act had been passed in 1970, the percentage of U.S. surface waters safe for fishing and swimming
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Which list presents, in the correct order, forms of coal from the first stage of development to the last stage of development?pe
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The careful use of resources is called _____.recycling conservation deposition composting
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The Geysers, built in 1960 in northern California, remains the world’s premier _____.hydroelectric power plant nuclear reactor
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Which is an example of a nonpoint source of freshwater pollution?factory waste piped into a stream leaking toxic waste landfill
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Which is a drawback to the use of oil shale to produce energy?Processing, mining, and waste disposal are expensive. Oil shale
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Outdoor air pollution has been associated with _____ deaths each year.between 40,000 and 50,000 as many as 200,000 5,000 10,000
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Which is a fossil fuel?uranium wood coal ozone
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The Clean Air Act _____.makes all air pollution illegal limits greenhouse gases in outdoor air limits nonpoint source pollution
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In which decade were the first important laws passed to decrease water pollution?1980s 1960s 1950s 1970s
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A metamorphic rock can be classified according to its _____.texture and composition color and composition density and texture
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What rock-forming process occurs when hot magma forces its way into rock?deposition regional metamorphism extrusion contact
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An igneous rock that contains mostly pyroxene and olivine has _____.a porphyritic composition a granitic composition an
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Any rock exposed at Earth’s surface will undergo _____.weathering cementing crystallizing melting
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Which is not a process involved in the formation of sedimentary rock?weathering extrusion compaction deposition
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Magma is molten material that forms _____.anywhere that weathering takes place on Earth’s surface when sediment is moved and
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Extreme pressure and temperatures can change sedimentary rock into _____.magma metamorphic rock lava igneous rock
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The three agents of metamorphism are _____.heat, pressure, and hydrothermal solutions melting, pressure, and weathering heat,
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.Metamorphic rock forms as a result of _____. compaction of sediments heat and pressure the cooling of magma the melting of rock
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An igneous rock that contains mostly plagioclase feldspar and about 30 percent dark silicate minerals has a composition that is
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Where do most metamorphic processes take place?in the first few kilometers below Earth’s surface at least a few kilometers
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Which is not an agent of metamorphism?running water pressure heat hydrothermal solutions
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Granite is an example of _____ igneous rock that forms deep beneath Earth’s surface.an intrusive a basaltic an andesitic an
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Which is required for the formation of sedimentary rock?crystallization water heat
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Which is the correct order of the processes responsible for the formation of sedimentary rocks?erosion, deposition, compaction
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What type of sedimentary rock is formed from weathered particles of rocks and minerals?intrusive sedimentary rock clastic
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Igneous rocks that contain many dark silicate minerals, and that also are rich in magnesium and iron, have a composition that is
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.Peridotite, which is composed almost entirely of dark silicate minerals and is believed to make up much of Earth’s upper
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Which statement is true?Most rocks are made up of a mixture of minerals. Rocks do not contain any mineral matter. Most rocks are
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Which describes breccia?a biochemical sedimentary rock a clastic sedimentary rock with large, rounded particles a chemical
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Chemical bonds are likely to form when _____.an atom’s outer energy level is filled to capacity an atom’s nucleus has the
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Isotopes of the same element differ in their number of _____.protons neutrons nuclei electrons
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A compound contains two or more _____.elements chemically combined simple substances elements physically combined protons
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The building block of the silicate minerals is _____.a silicon-oxygen tetrahedron a silicon-oxygen triangle a silicon-aluminum
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Diamond is _____.the only mineral with luster a nonmetallic element the hardest mineral on the Mohs scale an isotope of silicon
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The color of the powdered form of a mineral is called _____.cleavage streak luster fracture
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The most abundant element in Earth’s continental crust, by weight, is _____.iron silicon oxygen calcium
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An atom that loses or gains electrons is called _____.a neutron an ion an isotope a proton
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.Minerals that form from magma are formed by _____. evaporation crystallization condensation precipitation
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The Mohs scale measures a mineral’s _____.hardness structure density luster
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Minerals form from bodies of water by the process of _____.cooling precipitation melting condensation
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Which property is generally the least useful in identifying minerals?hardness color cleavage streak
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A naturally occurring, inorganic solid with an orderly crystalline structure and a definite chemical composition is _____.an
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A mineral that contains carbon, oxygen, and the metallic element magnesium would be classified as _____.a carbonate a silicate
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The appearance or quality of light that is reflected from the surface of a mineral is called _____.luster cleavage color streak
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The source of energy for constructive forces, such as mountain building, is Earth’s internal _____.pressure heat magnetism
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The idea that Earth’s lithosphere is divided into large, moving sections is called the _____.plate tectonics theory nebular
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Which is powered by energy from Earth’s interior?ocean circulation weather erosion volcanoes
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Which is not driven by energy from the sun?volcanic eruption climate ocean circulation erosion
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What are the two sources of energy for the Earth system?the wind and Earth’s interior the sun and wind the sun and lightning
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As the Earth formed, the force of gravity increased due to increased mass. What effect did this increased gravity have on the
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Contour lines that touch or overlap on a topographic map indicate a _____.vertical cliff tall mountain depression valley
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The Robinson projection map is considered very useful because _____.most distances, sizes, and shapes are accurate it shows land
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