Questions and answers by

Jasmine Holman

Questions (212)

In young mountainous regions, the continental crust is _____.thinner than average the same thickness as in other areas sometimes
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All changes in the original shape and/or size of a rock body are called _____.folding faulting deformation stress
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Brittle deformation is generally seen in _____.rocks with strong internal molecular bonds rocks far below Earth’s surface
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The removal of material by erosion will cause Earth’s crust to _____.subduct subside rise thicken
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The type of deformation in which the object permanently changes size and shape without fracturing is called _____.elastic
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What force controls the isostatic adjustment of Earth’s crust?compression gravity tidal forces between Earth, the sun, and the
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Which major type of rock is most likely to experience brittle deformation?igneous rock metamorphic rock sedimentary rock
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When an object returns to its original shape and size after the stress is removed, it is called _____.ductile deformation
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As erosion removes the tops of mountains, the crust will rise upwards. This is an example of _____.isostatic adjustment normal
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Which was not used in support of the continental drift hypothesis?coastline fit of South America and Africa fossil evidence
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Oceanic lithosphere is destroyed at _____.divergent boundaries ocean ridges convergent boundaries transform fault boundaries
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The deepest earthquakes occur _____.farther away from a trench in areas of reversed polarity closest to a trench in areas of
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Which is a geographic example of a transform fault boundary?the San Andreas fault the East African Rift Valley the Andes
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When the landmasses of the British Isles and Scandinavia are fitted together, mountain chains and rock types _____.do not line
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New ocean crust is formed at _____.continental volcanic arcs transform fault boundaries convergent boundaries divergent
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How old are the oldest rocks of the ocean floor?approximately 500 million years old approximately one billion years old between
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At what kind of boundary does oceanic lithosphere plunge beneath an overriding continental plate?convergent oceanic-continental
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Which action would not keep you safe during an earthquake?covering your head and neck with your arms going outdoors and taking
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An earthquake’s epicenter is _____.a spot halfway between the focus and the surface the place on the surface directly above
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The place where an earthquake originates is its _____.fault source focus epicenter
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Earth’s thin, rocky outer layer is its _____.outer core crust mantle core
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The Richter magnitude of an earthquake is determined from the _____.measurement of the arrival times of P waves and S waves
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Most earthquakes are produced by the rapid release of what kind of energy stored in rock and subjected to great forces?kinetic
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The continental crust has the average composition of _____.granite basalt limestone gneiss
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Major earthquakes are sometimes preceded by smaller earthquakes called _____.focus shocks aftershocks surface waves foreshocks
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The adjustments of materials that follow a major earthquake often generate smaller earthquakes called _____.foreshocks surface
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Liquefaction occurs when _____.earthquakes are centered in the ocean and damage ships at sea loose, saturated soil turns into
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Through which Earth layer are S waves not transmitted?outer core continental crust inner core ocean crust
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A tsunami can occur when there is vertical movement at a fault under _____.the ocean floor a mountain range the San Andreas gap
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What causes the Aurora Borealis?circulation of Van Allen belts around the planet movement of charged particles in the outer core
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The scale most widely used by scientists today for measuring earthquakes is the _____.epicenter magnitude scale seismic scale
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P waves bend while traveling through Earth’s core and then arrive at the shadow zone _____.simultaneously with S waves several
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.Which is not true about S waves? They shake particles at right angles to the direction the waves travel. They cannot be
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A succession of ocean waves set in motion by a submarine earthquake is called _____.a compression wave an underwater landslide a
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Which seismic waves compress and expand rocks in the direction the waves travel?P waves transverse waves surface waves S waves
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A building that settles unevenly after an earthquake is evidence of _____.faulting tsunamis liquefaction foreshocks
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The amount of shaking produced by an earthquake at a given location is called the _____.intensity Richter magnitude epicenter
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Which situation allows a glacier’s size to be maintained?A glacier has more snow accumulation than wastage. A glacier has a
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Deposits of windblown silt are called _____.loess desert pavement sediments sand dunes
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Abrasion changes the desert surface by _____.depositing loess across the landscape cutting and polishing exposed rock surfaces
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The Antarctic Ice Sheet in the Southern Hemisphere _____.contains almost one-fourth of the world’s ice holds almost two-thirds
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Wind transports sand grains _____.by siltation, as part of the bed load only during the most severe dust storms with equal
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Running water, while occurring infrequently in deserts, _____.counteracts any kind of erosion does most of the erosional work
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Icebergs are produced when large pieces of ice break off from the front of a glacier during a process called _____.accumulation
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.Dry, flat lake beds located in the center of basins in arid areas are called _____. arroyos playas alluvial fans desert
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Which is not deposited by wind?loess barchan dunes longitudinal dunes till
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Which statement is not true about weathering in deserts?Most weathering in deserts is physical weathering. Chemical weathering
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What marks the farthest advance of a glacier?ground moraine terminal end moraine medial end moraine lateral moraine
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What force causes most of the erosion in desert areas?wind ice running water gravity
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When a glacier stands still, the ice within it _____.still flows and carries debris to the end of the glacier forms a dark
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The thick loess deposits in South Dakota, Nebraska, and Iowa come from _____.glacial sediments windblown sand western deserts
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Most desert streams are depleted before reaching the ocean due to _____.flash flooding and sedimentation siltation and
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A broad, ramp-like accumulation of sediment found downstream from the end moraine of a glacier is _____.a kettle an outwash
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Which of the following best describe a crevasse?a crack in the topmost section of a glacier a piece of a glacier that breaks off
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In glacial erosion by abrasion, a glacier _____.produces rock flour by grinding the rock surface beneath it melts entirely
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The small glaciers that exist in high mountainous areas are called _____.mountain glaciers valley glaciers ice sheets
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What glacial depositional feature is created when ice is buried in drift and eventually melts?kettle drumlin moraine esker
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The plucking form of glacial erosion _____.loosens and lifts blocks of rock grinds rock into rock flour polishes and smoothes
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Why can a heavy rain shower cause a large amount of erosion in a desert area?The stable and thick soil easily absorbs
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When a glacier stands still, the ice within it _____.stops flowing and freezes forms a dark stripe of debris still flows and
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Running water, while occurring infrequently in deserts, _____.does most of the erosional work counteracts any kind of erosion
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The two major ways that glaciers erode land are abrasion and _____.tension slipping deflation plucking
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A thick ice mass that forms over the land from the accumulation, compaction, and recrystallization of snow is a _____.fjord
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The small glaciers that exist in high mountainous areas are called _____.mountain glaciers ice sheets valley glaciers
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Which of the following best describe a crevasse?an ice mass that flows through an area originally occupied by a stream a crack
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What glacial depositional feature is created when ice is buried in drift and eventually melts?esker drumlin moraine kettle
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Dry, flat lake beds located in the center of basins in arid areas are called _____.alluvial fans arroyos desert pavement playas
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What force causes most of the erosion in desert areas?ice running water wind gravity
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Glacial striations gouged into bedrock allow geologists to understand _____.how much rock flour was carried the speed of glacial
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Why don’t most desert streams empty into the ocean?Desert streams are always located inland and are too far away from oceans.
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What is the glacial budget?the amount of water required to form a glacier the difference between plastic flow and basal slippage
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If the steep face of a sand dune is on the southeast side of a dune, then the prevailing wind in this area is from the _____.sou
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The lifting and removal of loose material by wind is called _____.deflation deposition abrasion siltation
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The thick loess deposits in South Dakota, Nebraska, and Iowa come from _____.transverse dunes windblown sand western deserts
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The only _____ that exist today are found in Greenland and Antarctica.ice sheets valley glaciers glaciated valleys glaciers
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Over time, sand dunes tend to migrate _____.toward the wind perpendicular to the movement of the wind in the same direction that
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The shape of star dunes is mostly due to _____.the amount of sand the amount of vegetation variable wind speeds variable wind
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The small glaciers that exist in high mountainous areas are called _____.valley glaciers ice sheets mountain glaciers
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The Antarctic Ice Sheet in the Southern Hemisphere _____.holds almost two-thirds of Earth’s salt water is the only ice sheet
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Almost two-thirds of Earth’s fresh water is located in the _____.Atlantic Ocean Great Lakes Antarctic Ice Sheet Arctic Ice
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A thick ice mass that forms over the land from the accumulation, compaction, and recrystallization of snow is a _____.cirque
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Which are lowlands that were eroded by glaciers and transformed into wide, deep basins?the Mississippi and Colorado rivers the
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What is the glacial budget?the difference between glacial accumulation and glacial waste the difference between plastic flow and
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Which statement is not true about glaciers?They exist only in the Northern Hemisphere. They form from the recrystallization of
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The most recent ice age began _____.two to three million years ago 15,000 years ago 5,000 years ago one million years ago
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Icebergs are produced when large pieces of ice break off from the front of a glacier during a process called _____.plucking
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Which term describes the lowest elevation in a particular area that remains covered in snow all year?snowline crevass zone of
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The way a glacier moves depends on the relationship between _____ and wastage.accumulation plucking grinding drift
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In the western states, a dry creek is called an arroyo or _____.an alluvial fan a flash flood a stream a wash
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In the desert, ephemeral streams _____.are actually dried stream beds that no longer carry water run continuously, although the
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In desert areas, what process results in the formation of desert pavement?ephemeral stream flow abrasion of rocks plucking
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Which statement is not true about glaciers?They originate on land. They exist only in the Northern Hemisphere. They move very
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A valley that has been glaciated by a smaller side glacier and is left standing higher than the main U-shaped valley is a _____.
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The lifting and removal of loose material by wind is called _____.deflation abrasion siltation deposition
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A broad, ramp-like accumulation of sediment found downstream from the end moraine of a glacier is _____.a lateral moraine a
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Why can a heavy rain shower cause a large amount of erosion in a desert area?Streams or creeks easily overflow. Temperatures
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Almost two-thirds of Earth’s fresh water is located in the _____.Great Lakes Antarctic Ice Sheet Arctic Ice Sheet Atlantic
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Sediment laid down by glacial meltwater is called _____.stratified drift an outwash plain ground moraine a glacial erratic
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The U-shaped valley produced by the erosion of a valley glacier is called _____.a glacial trough a kettle a drumlin an outwash
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The shape of star dunes is mostly due to _____.variable wind directions variable wind speeds the amount of vegetation the amount
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