Write a laboratory report on heat neutralization including the apparatus, chemicals, lab title, procedure, observations, results and conclusions

Question

GPT 3.5 · Answer

Laboratory Report

Lab Title: Heat Neutralization

Objective: To investigate the heat produced during a neutralization reaction between an acid and a base.

Apparatus:
- Styrofoam calorimeter
- Thermometer
- 50 mL of 1 M hydrochloric acid
- 50 mL of 1 M sodium hydroxide
- Stirring rod
- Graduated cylinder

Procedure:
1. Measure 50 mL of 1 M hydrochloric acid using a graduated cylinder and pour it into the styrofoam calorimeter.
2. Measure 50 mL of 1 M sodium hydroxide using a graduated cylinder and pour it into the same styrofoam calorimeter.
3. Stir the mixture using a stirring rod and measure the initial temperature using a thermometer.
4. Observe any changes in the mixture and record data every minute for 5 minutes.
5. Calculate the heat produced during the neutralization reaction using the formula: Q = mcΔT, where m is the mass of the solution, c is the specific heat capacity of water, and ΔT is the change in temperature.

Observations:
- The initial temperature of the mixture was 25°C.
- A temperature increase was observed immediately after mixing the acid and base.
- The temperature continued to rise for 5 minutes before reaching a constant value.
- The solution turned from clear to slightly cloudy as the reaction took place.

Results:
- Initial temperature: 25°C
- Final temperature: 35°C
- Change in temperature: 10°C
- Specific heat capacity of water: 4.18 J/g°C
- Mass of the solution: 100 g

Calculations:
Q = mcΔT
Q = 100 g x 4.18 J/g°C x 10°C
Q = 4180 J

Conclusion:
The neutralization reaction between hydrochloric acid and sodium hydroxide produced 4180 J of heat energy. This experiment demonstrates the exothermic nature of neutralization reactions, where heat is released as the acid and base react to form water and a salt. Further experiments could be conducted to investigate the effects of varying concentrations of acid and base on the heat produced during neutralization.