The specific problem that led Rome to change from a monarchy to a republic was primarily related to the behavior of the last king, Tarquin the Proud, who was seen as a tyrant. His mistreatment of the citizens, particularly exemplified by the assault on Lucretia, a noblewoman, prompted a rebellion against his rule. The Romans revolted against the monarchy due to the king's tyranny and abuse of power, which ultimately led to the establishment of the Roman Republic.
Therefore, the best choice from the options provided is:
The king mistreated the citizens.
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