To determine the most valid explanation for a population distribution shown on a map, we can analyze the responses given:
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The more densely populated areas have few problems. - This is vague and does not specify what problems are being referred to. It's not necessarily true that densely populated areas are problem-free.
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The more densely populated areas are along the coast. - This is often supported by geographical and economic factors. Coastal areas typically provide resources, trade opportunities, and better living conditions, making them more attractive for settlement.
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The less densely populated areas are plagued by monsoons. - While monsoons can impact population density (especially in terms of agriculture and living conditions), this statement is somewhat specific and might not universally apply to all less densely populated areas.
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The less densely populated areas are engaged in civil war. - This could certainly impact population density in specific regions, but it is also quite specific and may not be a universal factor affecting all less populated regions.
Given these considerations, the statement "The more densely populated areas are along the coast" is likely the most universally applicable explanation for population distribution shown on the map, assuming this aligns with the geographic features depicted.