The statement that best describes the effect of Matthew Perry's expedition on Japan is:
Perry's arrival in Japan exposed the weaknesses of the Tokugawa Shogunate against the threat of a modernizing world.
Perry's expedition in 1853 and 1854 played a significant role in highlighting the technological and military gaps between Japan and Western powers, ultimately leading to the end of the Tokugawa Shogunate and the beginning of the Meiji Restoration as Japan sought to modernize and assert itself on the global stage.