Which of the following statements accurately compares and contrasts eukaryotes and prokaryotes?

Answer 1

To accurately compare and contrast eukaryotes and prokaryotes, here are key statements that highlight their differences and similarities:

Comparison of Eukaryotes and Prokaryotes:

1. Cell Structure:

   • Eukaryotes: Have a complex cellular structure with membrane-bound organelles, including a nucleus that houses genetic material.
   • Prokaryotes: Generally have a simpler structure without membrane-bound organelles, and their genetic material is not enclosed within a nucleus.

2. Size:

   • Eukaryotes: Typically larger in size, usually ranging from 10 to 100 micrometers.
   • Prokaryotes: Generally smaller, usually around 0.1 to 5 micrometers in size.

3. Genetic Material:

   • Eukaryotes: Contain linear DNA organized into chromosomes, with multiple copies located within the nucleus.
   • Prokaryotes: Contain circular DNA that is not associated with histones and typically exists as a single chromosome.

4. Reproduction:

   • Eukaryotes: Can reproduce both asexually (e.g., mitosis) and sexually (e.g., meiosis).
   • Prokaryotes: Reproduce asexually primarily through binary fission.

5. Ribosomes:

   • Eukaryotes: Have larger ribosomes (80S) made of 60S and 40S subunits.
   • Prokaryotes: Possess smaller ribosomes (70S) made of 50S and 30S subunits.

6. Cell Wall:

   • Eukaryotes: Not all eukaryotes have a cell wall; when present (e.g., in plants and fungi), it's made of cellulose (plants) or chitin (fungi).
   • Prokaryotes: Most have a rigid cell wall primarily made of peptidoglycan.

7. Examples:

   • Eukaryotes: Include organisms such as animals, plants, fungi, and protists.
   • Prokaryotes: Primarily consist of bacteria and archaea.

Similarities:

• Both eukaryotes and prokaryotes share fundamental biological processes, including DNA replication, protein synthesis, and metabolic pathways.
• Both types of cells can carry out essential life processes, such as energy production and response to environmental stimuli.

These statements provide a concise yet comprehensive comparison of eukaryotes and prokaryotes, highlighting their primary differences as well as key similarities.