The provided statements seem to be repetitive, with each one essentially restating the same legal principles related to a negligence claim.
To clarify, in a negligence case, the plaintiff must show the following elements:
- The defendant owed a duty of care to the plaintiff.
- The defendant breached that duty.
- There is proximate cause linking the breach to the injury suffered by the plaintiff.
- The plaintiff suffered actual damages as a result.
Since all statements are essentially outlining parts of the negligence claim structure, none of them are clearly false. However, if the question intends for you to identify a potential redundancy or misleading aspect, you could argue that the repetition of similar statements may lead one to think they are different, when they are not.
If you need a specific statement to identify as "not true" based on context or formatting, please clarify or provide further details.