According to Earl Babbie in his works on research methods, the fundamental undertakings of social research typically include activities such as theorization, hypothesis testing, data collection, and data analysis. While each of the options you've listed can be integral to the research process, the following are explicitly recognized as fundamental undertakings:
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Theorization (c): Developing theories that can explain social phenomena is a foundational aspect of social research.
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Hypothesis testing (d): Formulating and testing hypotheses is a critical component of many research methodologies to validate theories.
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Data analysis (b): Analyzing data is essential for interpreting the results of research and drawing conclusions.
Experimentation (a) and triangulation (e) are also important in specific contexts but are not universally classified as fundamental undertakings across all social research.
Thus, the appropriate answers to your question based on Babbie's framework are b, c, and d.
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