Which element has atoms with valence electrons in a higher energy level than those of calcium (Ca)?

Question

(1 point)
Responses

bromine (Br)
bromine (Br)

cesium (Cs)
cesium (Cs)

oxygen (O)
oxygen (O)

lithium (Li)
lithium (Li)
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Answer 1

Calcium (Ca) has the electron configuration of [Ar] 4s², meaning its valence electrons are in the 4th energy level (n=4).

To identify which element has valence electrons in a higher energy level than calcium, we need to consider the other options:

• Bromine (Br): The electron configuration is [Ar] 4s² 3d¹⁰ 4p⁵. The valence electrons are in the 4th energy level, so this does not qualify.

• Cesium (Cs): The electron configuration is [Xe] 6s¹. The valence electron is in the 6th energy level (n=6), which is higher than calcium.

• Oxygen (O): The electron configuration is 1s² 2s² 2p⁴. The valence electrons are in the 2nd energy level (n=2), so this does not qualify.

• Lithium (Li): The electron configuration is 1s² 2s¹. The valence electron is in the 2nd energy level (n=2), so this does not qualify.

Therefore, the correct response is cesium (Cs).