The main difference between continuity theories of development and stage theories of development lies in how they conceptualize the process of development over time.
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Continuity Theories: These theories suggest that development is a gradual, cumulative process. They propose that changes occur in a consistent and smooth manner, with no distinct stages or abrupt transitions. Development is seen as an incremental build-up of skills, knowledge, and abilities over time. For example, theories of cognitive development that view learning as a continuous process often emphasize how skills are developed incrementally rather than through distinct stages.
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Stage Theories: In contrast, stage theories posit that development occurs in discrete, qualitatively different stages. Each stage is characterized by specific behaviors or abilities, and transitions between stages involve significant changes. The most well-known stage theory is Erik Erikson's psychosocial development theory, which outlines distinct stages from infancy to late adulthood, each characterized by a specific conflict that needs resolution. Stage theories emphasize that development is not just about gaining more skills but involves a transformation in how individuals think and behave at different points in their lives.
In summary, continuity theories depict development as a smooth, ongoing process, while stage theories describe it as marked by distinct, qualitative phases.
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