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The formula for the total surface area \( A \) of a cylinder is given by: \[ A = 2\pi r(h + r) \] where \( r \) is the radius and \( h \) is the height of the cylinder.
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To find the surface area of a cylinder with a radius of 4 cm and a height of 2 cm using \( \pi \approx 3.14 \):
\[ A = 2\pi r(h + r) = 2 \times 3.14 \times 4(2 + 4) = 2 \times 3.14 \times 4 \times 6 \] \[ = 2 \times 3.14 \times 24 = 150.72 \] The surface area is approximately 150.7 square centimeters.
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For a cylinder with a diameter of 12 inches, the radius \( r \) is half of the diameter: \[ r = \frac{12}{2} = 6 \text{ inches} \] The height \( h \) is 10 inches. Using the formula for surface area: \[ A = 2\pi r(h + r) = 2 \times 3.14 \times 6(10 + 6) = 2 \times 3.14 \times 6 \times 16 \] \[ = 2 \times 3.14 \times 96 = 602.88 \] The surface area is approximately 602.9 in².
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The total surface area needed to cover the sides and top of a cylinder cake with a radius of 5 inches and a height of 7 inches is given by the lateral area of the side plus the area of the top:
\[ \text{Lateral Area} = 2\pi rh = 2 \times 3.14 \times 5 \times 7 \] \[ = 2 \times 3.14 \times 35 = 219.8 \] \[ \text{Area of the top} = \pi r^2 = 3.14 \times (5^2) = 3.14 \times 25 = 78.5 \] Adding these two areas together: \[ A = 219.8 + 78.5 = 298.3 \] So, the amount of icing needed is approximately 298.3 square inches.
- For the silo with a radius of 4 feet and a height of 30 feet, only the lateral surface area needs to be calculated since the top and bottom are not being refinished: \[ \text{Lateral Area} = 2\pi rh = 2 \times 3.14 \times 4 \times 30 \] \[ = 2 \times 3.14 \times 120 = 752.8 \] So, the amount of aluminum needed is approximately 752.8 square feet.