A metal ion is a positively charged atom or molecule that has lost one or more of its electrons, resulting in a positive charge. This typically occurs because metals have a tendency to lose electrons in chemical reactions, particularly during interactions with nonmetals or in ionic bonding. Common examples of metal ions include sodium (Na⁺), calcium (Ca²⁺), and iron (Fe²⁺ or Fe³⁺).
An electron, on the other hand, is a subatomic particle with a negative electric charge. It is one of the fundamental components of atoms, orbiting the nucleus which is made up of protons and neutrons. Electrons play a crucial role in chemical bonding and the electrical properties of materials. Each electron carries a charge of approximately -1.602 x 10⁻¹⁹ coulombs.
In summary:
- Metal Ion: A positively charged atom or molecule formed by the loss of electrons, typically associated with metals.
- Electron: A negatively charged subatomic particle that orbits the nucleus of an atom.
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