Discussion and Debate
What is a discussion?
A discussion is a conversation or dialogue aimed at exploring different viewpoints, finding common ground, and enhancing understanding of a topic.
What is a debate?
A debate is a structured argument where individuals present opposing viewpoints on a specific issue, often with the goal of persuading an audience.
Debate is more structured and competitive than discussion.
Both discussion and debate require critical thinking, communication, and analytical skills.
Active Listening and Claims
What is active listening?
Active listening is the process of fully concentrating, understanding, responding, and remembering what is being said in a conversation.
What is a claim?
A claim is a statement or assertion that something is true, typically used as the basis for an argument.
What is a counterclaim?
A counterclaim is a viewpoint that opposes the main claim, presenting an alternative argument or perspective.
What do we call the facts, documentation, or testimony used to strengthen a claim?
Evidence.
Cues and Discussions
What do verbal clues include?
Verbal clues include tone of voice, word choice, and the structure of the speech that help convey meaning.
What do non-verbal cues include?
Non-verbal cues include body language, facial expressions, eye contact, and gestures.
Discussions are about collaborating instead of winning. Discussion participants will hopefully reach a consensus.
Collegial discussions are usually respectful and open-minded.
Questions in a collegial discussion should relate to a shared understanding of the topic.
Empathy and Open-Ended Questions
What is empathy?
Empathy is the ability to understand and share the feelings and perspectives of another person.
What do open-ended questions require?
Open-ended questions require more than a yes or no answer; they encourage elaboration and deeper responses.
What is an example of an open-ended question?
"What are your thoughts on the impact of social media on society?"
What does it mean to justify a claim?
To justify a claim means to provide reasoning or evidence that supports the validity of the claim.
Perspectives and Disagreement
What are diverse perspectives?
Diverse perspectives refer to the various viewpoints, experiences, and opinions people have due to their differing backgrounds and beliefs.
Disagreement gives us a chance to clarify ideas where we may have been unclear.
What does it mean to verify your viewpoints?
To verify your viewpoints means to confirm and support your beliefs with credible evidence and reasoning.
Preparing a Speech
Before giving a speech, you should have a clear purpose and know your audience.
What are rhetorical strategies?
Rhetorical strategies are techniques used to persuade or engage an audience effectively.
What does fallacious mean?
Fallacious refers to reasoning or arguments that are misleading or based on faulty logic.
Models of Persuasion
What are the three models of persuasion?
The three models of persuasion are ethos (ethical appeal), pathos (emotional appeal), and logos (logical appeal).
Which model of persuasion appeals to logic?
Logos.
Which one appeals to ethics?
Ethos.
Which one appeals to emotion?
Pathos.
Perspectives and Conversation
A difference of opinions or diverse perspectives are unavoidable because people have different experiences, values, and beliefs about issues.
Why is disagreement essential for good conversation?
Disagreement is essential for good conversation because it promotes critical thinking, challenges assumptions, and leads to deeper understanding.
In a collegial discussion, a variety of opinions, ideas, and arguments are bound to be presented.
By exposing ourselves to divergent perspectives, we start to make new connections.
Plagiarism and Academic Integrity
What is a bibliography?
A bibliography is a list of sources used in research, typically presented at the end of an academic work.
What is plagiarism?
Plagiarism is the act of using someone else's work, ideas, or expressions without proper acknowledgment, thereby presenting them as your own.
By NOT citing sources, you are implying that you came up with everything on your own.
Schools expect you to maintain your integrity and your authenticity.
Schools have their own Academic Integrity policies, but it is not uncommon for a school to discipline students who plagiarize.
Teachers want to know what you think and understand, not just reproduce information.
Always mention (cite your source) when you take an idea, quote, or data from somewhere.
Types of Plagiarism
Buying a paper, having someone write a paper for you, or copying and pasting entire passages without crediting the source are all examples of plagiarism.
What is word switch plagiarism?
Word switch plagiarism is when someone changes a few words in a sentence but maintains the original structure and overall meaning without proper citation.
What is patchwork or style plagiarism?
Patchwork plagiarism occurs when a writer takes phrases or ideas from various sources and stitches them together without proper attribution, creating a new piece that still contains uncredited material.
What is idea plagiarism?
Idea plagiarism happens when a person uses another's ideas or concepts without giving credit, even if the words are changed.
What qualifies as common knowledge?
Common knowledge includes information that is widely known and accepted, does not require citation, and can be found in multiple sources.
What is an example of common knowledge?
"Water freezes at 0 degrees Celsius."
What is self-plagiarism?
Self-plagiarism is the reuse of one's own previously published work or ideas in a new assignment without recognizing the original source.
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