The differences are the same differences that exist today. The Federalists favored a strong central government. Read this site to see what the Democratic Republicans wanted.
https://www.britannica.com/topic/Democratic-Republican-Party
What did the differences between federalists and democratic republicans suggest about national politics in the years following Washington's presidency?
2 answers
This is also a good site that explains, in simple terms, the differences between the Federalists and the Democratic-Republicans.
http://ic.galegroup.com/ic/uhic/ReferenceDetailsPage/DocumentToolsPortletWindow?displayGroupName=Reference&jsid=27c4d7c605ee78f96be9be874b8f557c&action=2&catId=&documentId=GALE%7CCX3048900171&u=oak30216&zid=9c00b8eb644b4e46de39f8a9335adc67
http://ic.galegroup.com/ic/uhic/ReferenceDetailsPage/DocumentToolsPortletWindow?displayGroupName=Reference&jsid=27c4d7c605ee78f96be9be874b8f557c&action=2&catId=&documentId=GALE%7CCX3048900171&u=oak30216&zid=9c00b8eb644b4e46de39f8a9335adc67