what can help a reader determine how an author feels about a subject?

cause and effect structure
compare and contrast structure
connotations
signal words

1 answer

All of the options you have mentioned can help a reader determine how an author feels about a subject. Let's break them down:

1. Cause and effect structure: The author may present the topic in a way that highlights certain causes and effects, thereby indicating their stance or perspective on the subject. For example, if an author consistently focuses on negative consequences resulting from a certain action, it suggests a negative viewpoint on the topic.

2. Compare and contrast structure: By comparing and contrasting different aspects or ideas related to a subject, an author can subtly indicate their preferences or opinions on the matter. For instance, if an author consistently favors one side in a comparison, it reveals their inclination towards that particular viewpoint.

3. Connotations: The use of connotative language can provide valuable insights into an author's feelings about a subject. The choice of words, imagery, and metaphors can evoke certain emotions or imply the author's attitude. For example, if an author uses emotionally charged language and vivid imagery to describe a subject, it indicates a strong sentiment or opinion.

4. Signal words: Authors often use signal words or phrases to express their attitudes indirectly. These signals can include phrases like "fortunately," "regrettably," "clearly," "obviously," "unfortunately," etc. Such words can provide clues about the author's underlying emotions or biases.

Therefore, by observing the cause and effect structure, comparing and contrasting, analyzing connotations, and paying attention to signal words, readers can better determine how an author feels about a subject.