There are basically only two parts of a sentence: the subject and the predicate.
Each word in a sentence is classified by how its part of speech, that is how it's used. There are eight parts of speech.
If this doesn't answer your question, please try to explain what you need, and we'll try to help you.
what are five parts of a sentence?
2 answers
There are 5 basic sentence patterns. Is that what you are looking for?