To rewrite \(x^2 - 196\) using the polynomial identity \(x^2 - a^2 = (x + a)(x - a)\), we can recognize that \(196\) is a perfect square. Specifically, we have:
\[ 196 = 14^2. \]
Using the identity with \(a = 14\), we can rewrite \(x^2 - 196\) as follows:
\[ x^2 - 196 = x^2 - 14^2 = (x + 14)(x - 14). \]
Thus, the polynomial \(x^2 - 196\) is established as:
\[ (x + 14)(x - 14). \]