Sure! Here are answers to your questions based on Newton's Laws of Motion:
1. When you are riding in a car and the driver slams on the brakes what happens to your body? What causes this to happen?
Answer: When the car suddenly stops, your body tends to continue moving forward due to its inertia. This happens because, according to Newton's First Law of Motion, an object in motion remains in motion unless acted upon by an external force.
2. What is the formula for Newton’s Second Law?
Answer: The formula for Newton's Second Law is \( F = ma \), where \( F \) is the force applied, \( m \) is the mass of the object, and \( a \) is the acceleration.
3. According to Newton’s Second Law, how are mass and acceleration related?
Answer: According to Newton’s Second Law, mass and acceleration are inversely related; as the mass of an object increases, for a given force, the acceleration decreases.
4. According to Newton’s Second Law, how are force and mass related?
Answer: According to Newton’s Second Law, force and mass are directly related; for a given mass, increasing the force applied will increase the acceleration.
5. Newton’s Third Law states that for every action there is an equal but _______________ reaction.
Answer: opposite.
6. If a bug strikes your windshield with 200N of force, what is the force the windshield exerts on the bug?
Answer: The force the windshield exerts on the bug is also 200N, in the opposite direction. This is an example of Newton's Third Law.
7. Explain acceleration.
Answer: Acceleration is the rate at which an object's velocity changes over time. It can occur as an increase in speed, a decrease in speed (deceleration), or a change in direction.
8. Does an object with constant velocity have acceleration?
Answer: No, an object with constant velocity does not have acceleration because its speed and direction remain unchanged.
9. Does the image display balanced or unbalanced forces?
Answer: (This answer would require the specific image for analysis. Generally, if the forces acting on an object are not equal and opposite, the forces are unbalanced; if they are equal and opposite, the forces are balanced.)
10. How much force is needed to accelerate a 60 kg skier at 3 m/sec²?
Answer: Using the formula \( F = ma \), the force needed is \( F = 60 , \text{kg} \times 3 , \text{m/sec}² = 180 , \text{N} \).
11. When unbalanced forces act upon an object, what happens to the object?
Answer: When unbalanced forces act upon an object, the object will accelerate in the direction of the net force.
12. Explain the net forces, if any, on the following objects.
Answer: (This answer would require specific objects for analysis. Generally, the net force is calculated by summing all the forces acting on an object, and if they are equal, the net force is zero; if not, it is equal to the vector sum of the forces.)
Essay Questions:
1. In 1-2 sentences, summarize why the force required to move a ping pong ball is less than the force required to move a bowling ball.
Answer: The force required to move a ping pong ball is less than that for a bowling ball because the bowling ball has a greater mass, requiring more force to achieve the same acceleration due to Newton's Second Law.
2. In 1-2 sentences, explain the difference between the velocity and acceleration of an object.
Answer: Velocity is the speed of an object in a specific direction, while acceleration is the rate of change of velocity over time. An object can have a constant velocity while changing its acceleration if it changes direction.
3. Explain how the mistake of placing discs on the car may affect the graphs produced by the computer.
Answer: Adding discs to the car increases its mass, which will result in a lower acceleration than expected for the same applied force. This discrepancy may lead to inaccurate graphs showing the relationship between force and acceleration during the experiment.
4. In one or two sentences, make a hypothesis about whether or not it is easier to start the box moving than to keep it moving on a rough surface. Then, explain how the simulation can be used to prove the hypothesis.
Answer: It is hypothesized that it is easier to keep the box moving than to start it due to static friction being greater than kinetic friction. The simulation can be used to measure the force required to start the box compared to the force needed to maintain its motion.
5. In 1-2 sentences, summarize what can be said about the force produced by the engine in Rocket A compared to Rocket B, based on Newton’s Second Law of Motion.
Answer: Based on Newton’s Second Law, Rocket A produces a greater force compared to Rocket B because it has a higher rate of acceleration despite having identical masses, indicating that the engine of Rocket A is generating more thrust.
Feel free to use these structured answers to prepare for your test!
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