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UNIT 4 covers 3 major time periods in Texas History:
- 1835-36, TEXAS REVOLUTION: Texas fought Mexico (the Texas Revolution) and gained independence from Mexico.
- 1836 - 1845, REPUBLIC OF TEXAS: Texas was a Republic (its own independent country).
- 1845, STATEHOOD in the United States of America: Texas became the 28th state in the USA after the USA annexed Texas - a turning point because the number of slave states outnumbered anti-slavery states in the United States of America.
- 1846-1848 MEXICAN-AMERICAN War: After annexation, this war was fought between Mexico and the United States about the boundary of Texas.
Lesson 2: The Start of the Revolution
- Define Empresario (U4 Lesson 1 p. 1) = a land agent who promotes settlement in Texas.
- Stephen F. Austin was the first empresario to bring the first Anglo-American families (the first 300) to Texas, “The Old Three Hundred”. For this, he is called the “Father of Texas”. He followed Mexican laws in Mexican-owned Texas.
- Not all Empresarios could be trusted to follow Mexican law! Haden Edwards was an empresario who started the Fredonian Rebellion, which Stephen F. Austin did not support. 1826-1827 The Fredonian Rebellion - Edwards had permission to settle in East Texas but people were already living there (Native Americans, Tejanos). Mexico told Edwards he must honor the people already living there. When he did not, Mexico canceled his contract. In response, Edwards declared the area as Fredonia and declared it free of Mexican law.
- Critique Haden Edward’s actions: it showed that settlers couldn’t be trusted to follow the laws of Mexico.
- So the Mexican government sent General Manuel Mier y Terán to investigate Anglo-American settlers in Texas who found that Anglo-American settlers were not following Mexican laws and culture, and many Anglo settlers outnumbered Mexican and Tejano settlers in Mexican-owned Texas.
- Manuel Mier y Teran thought the colony needed more Mexican influence and by bringing more immigrants from Mexico & Europe, the colonies would have more Mexican influence.
- 1828 - The Mier y Teran Report showed that there was not enough Mexican influence in the colonies. This led to the:
- Law of April 6, 1830 - the Mexican government issued a law to stop immigration from America, and encourage immigration from other countries.
Lesson 4 – Political Leaders of Texas Revolution
- Constitutional Convention of 1836 = leaders at this convention helped establish Texas’s independence by writing the Texas Declaration of Independence. This document helped establish Texas’s independence from Mexico.(L4 p.5). George C. Childress was the primary author.
TEST ESSAY Question: Why did some Tejanos support TX Independence? READ Unit 4 Lesson 4 pages 1, 9 & 10 and U4 Lesson 2 page 9 - to fill in the blanks Tejanos were Texans of Spanish descent. Many Tejanos supported Texas independence and the opposition to Santa Anna's centralist policies (U4 Lesson 4 page 10). Santa Anna started as a federalist, meaning he supported the form of government in which the national (U4 L4 p.1) government and state (U4 L4 p.1) governments shared power, much like the United States of America that practiced federalism. However, Santa Anna became a centralist and revoked (cancelled) the Mexican (Federal) Constitution of 1824 (U4 L4 p.10) and began to rule as a dictator (p10). As a result, Tejanos like Juan Seguin and Lorenzo de Zavala (L4 p.9) supported Texas independence from Mexico.
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