The extinction of the golden toad serves as a poignant example of how multiple factors can contribute to the decline of a species. In the case of the golden toad, several of the reasons you've mentioned may have played a role:
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Environmental Changes: The drying up of breeding pools due to warmer weather is a significant environmental change that can directly impact species that rely on specific habitats for reproduction. This demonstrates how failure to adapt to rapid climate changes can lead to extinction.
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Diseases: The golden toad was affected by chytridiomycosis, a fungal disease caused by the chytrid fungus, which has been devastating amphibian populations worldwide. This highlights how infectious agents can contribute to extinction.
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Invasive Species: While the specific case of the golden toad does not emphasize invasive species, the introduction of non-native species can often disrupt local ecosystems by competing for resources or introducing new diseases.
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Human Impact: Human activities, such as habitat destruction, pollution, and climate change, significantly affect many species' survival prospects. The golden toad's habitat in Costa Rica likely faced pressures from these factors, contributing to its decline.
In summary, the extinction of the golden toad illustrates a complex interplay of environmental changes, disease, possible invasive species, and human impact, all of which can lead to the extinction of a species.