To determine the constant of proportionality, we need to find Sarah's earnings per hour.
Given that Sarah earns $320 for working 40 hours, we can calculate her earnings per hour by dividing her total earnings by the number of hours worked:
\[ \text{Earnings per hour} = \frac{\text{Total Earnings}}{\text{Total Hours Worked}} = \frac{320}{40} \]
Calculating this gives:
\[ \text{Earnings per hour} = 8 \]
Therefore, the constant of proportionality is $8 per hour.