1. Thin walls: Alveoli have thin walls made up of a single layer of cells, allowing for efficient gas exchange between the air in the alveoli and the blood in the surrounding capillaries.
2. Large surface area: Alveoli have a large surface area for gas exchange, maximizing the amount of oxygen that can be absorbed into the bloodstream and carbon dioxide that can be released from the bloodstream.
3. Moist lining: The inner lining of the alveoli is moist, which helps to dissolve oxygen and carbon dioxide, making it easier for these gases to diffuse across the membrane.
4. Rich blood supply: Alveoli are surrounded by a dense network of capillaries, ensuring a constant supply of blood for efficient gas exchange.
5. Elasticity: Alveoli are surrounded by elastic fibers, allowing them to stretch and recoil with each breath, ensuring that enough oxygen is taken in and carbon dioxide is released during respiration.
The alveolus has several adaptations to carry out its function, list them and indicate the reason for the adaptations.
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