To solve the equation \( x^2 = 81 \), we take the square root of both sides. Recall that when taking the square root, we consider both the positive and negative roots:
\[ x = \pm \sqrt{81} \]
Calculating the square root of 81 gives:
\[ \sqrt{81} = 9 \]
Thus, we have:
\[ x = 9 \quad \text{or} \quad x = -9 \]
Therefore, the solutions are:
\[ x = 9 \quad \text{and} \quad x = -9 \]