In Islamic society, the people who were part of the upper class typically included:
- wealthiest merchants
- senior officials
- ruling families
Nomadic elites could also be considered part of the upper class in specific contexts, depending on their wealth and power. Non-Muslims, in general, did not hold the same status as Muslims in many Islamic societies, though some wealthy non-Muslims could achieve high status. Mine workers would typically not be considered part of the upper class.