Section expectation

Question

Topic: workload and stress management in Manyana Primary School.

Use simple English, and at diploma level, to answer the following under the topic mentioned above.

Literature review
Show the reviewed literature- the relevant literature to assist
answering your questions/test hypotheses. Inclusive of theories that
guide you in the search for answers to questions raised about the
problem

Answer 1

Literature Review: Workload and Stress Management in Manyana Primary School

Introduction

Managing workload and stress is vital for teachers and students in Manyana Primary School. Stress affects performance, well-being, and the overall school environment. This literature review explores studies and theories related to workload and stress management, guiding our understanding of these issues in the context of Manyana Primary School.

Understanding Workload

Workload refers to the amount of work an individual is responsible for in a given time. For teachers, it includes lesson planning, grading, classroom management, and administrative tasks. According to Kyriacou (2001), excessive workload can lead to burnout, reduced job satisfaction, and high turnover rates among teachers.

Stress in Education

Stress in an educational setting can come from various sources: academic pressure, student behavior, and administrative demands (Baker, 2009). It does not only affect teachers but also students, impacting their performance and mental health. The American Psychological Association (APA) (2014) highlights that unmanaged stress can lead to anxiety and depression, making it essential to address stress management in schools.

Theories Related to Stress Management

1. Transactional Model of Stress and Coping (Lazarus and Folkman, 1984): This model explains stress as a transaction between a person and their environment. When individuals perceive a situation as threatening and feel they lack the resources to cope, stress occurs. In Manyana Primary School, understanding this model can help identify stressors and develop coping strategies.

2. Job Demands-Resources (JD-R) Model (Bakker & Demerouti, 2007): This model emphasizes the balance between job demands (workload, time pressure) and job resources (support, autonomy). When demands exceed resources, stress and burnout can result. Implementing this model can help Manyana Primary School manage workload by ensuring that teachers have adequate resources to handle their tasks.

Stress Management Strategies

Research suggests various strategies for managing stress in educational settings:

1. Time Management and Organization: Studies show that effective time management can help reduce feelings of being overwhelmed (Dewitte, 2002). Teachers at Manyana Primary School can benefit from workshops that enhance their organizational skills.

2. Social Support: Relationships with colleagues and administrative staff can provide emotional support and practical help. According to Cohen and Wills (1985), strong social networks can act as a buffer against stress.

3. Mindfulness and Relaxation Techniques: Programs that teach mindfulness and stress reduction techniques have shown positive effects on teachers’ well-being (Kabat-Zinn, 1990). Introducing such programs in Manyana Primary School can promote a healthier work environment.

Conclusion

The literature highlights the importance of understanding workload and stress in Manyana Primary School. Theories like the Transactional Model of Stress and the JD-R Model provide valuable frameworks for identifying stressors and resources available to teachers. Implementing effective stress management strategies, such as time management and promoting social support, can lead to a healthier and more productive school environment. Addressing these issues is essential for the well-being of both teachers and students at Manyana Primary School.