Section 1: The Wrath of Grendel
Lines 1 to 104
Summary:
- Grendel, a monstrous creature descended from Cain, terrorizes King Hrothgar’s mead hall, Heorot, killing warriors nightly.
- The hall, once a place of joy, now fills with dread as Grendel devours Hrothgar's men, overshadowing their victories.
- The Danish people suffer from Grendel's relentless attacks, prompting despair among them.
- Quote: "Grendel, who haunted the moors, the wild marshes, and made his home in a hell." (lines 62-63)
Section 2: The Coming of Beowulf
Lines 105 to 284
Summary:
- Beowulf, a noble warrior from Geatland, hears of Grendel's atrocities and decides to help Hrothgar.
- He gathers a group of fourteen men and sets sail across the seas to Denmark to confront the monster.
- Upon arrival, Beowulf and his warriors are welcomed by the Danish coastguard, who questions their intentions.
- Beowulf introduces himself and explains his purpose, emphasizing his strength and past victories.
- Quote: "I have come so far, / no man ever engaged with this creature." (lines 168-169)
Section 3: The Battle with Grendel
Lines 285 to 409
Summary:
- Beowulf boasts of his capabilities and offers to fight Grendel unarmed, promising to defeat him with his bare hands.
- As night falls, Grendel arrives at Heorot, immediately attacking and killing one of Beowulf's men.
- Beowulf and Grendel engage in a fierce battle, during which Beowulf captures Grendel's arm, ultimately tearing it from his body.
- Grendel flees to his lair, mortally wounded, leaving a trail of blood.
- Quote: "Grendel's huge body was woven / into the fabric of a song." (lines 393-394)
Section 4: The Monster’s Lair
Lines 410 to 449
Summary:
- Grendel returns to his home in the swamp, where he succumbs to his injuries.
- Hrothgar and his warriors rejoice, celebrating Beowulf's bravery and strength.
- Beowulf hangs Grendel's severed arm from the rafters of Heorot as a trophy.
- The Danes express their gratitude, and merriment fills the hall once again.
- Quote: "The mighty one, the hero, was honored / as he should be, for his strength." (lines 430-431)
Section 5: The Battle with Grendel’s Mother
Lines 450 to 625
Summary:
- Grendel's mother, seeking vengeance for her son's death, attacks Heorot and takes one of Hrothgar's closest friends.
- Hrothgar asks for Beowulf's help in facing this new threat in her underwater lair.
- Beowulf descends into the murky waters, battling Grendel’s mother with a sword that ultimately fails him.
- He discovers an ancient sword, Hrunting, and uses it to slay her in a fierce confrontation.
- Quote: "The sword had gone to work, / as the water grew dark with the life of the slain." (lines 598-599)
Section 6: The Last Battle
Line 625 to 775
Summary:
- Years later, Beowulf, now king, faces a dragon that threatens his kingdom after a stolen treasure is discovered.
- Despite his age, Beowulf decides to confront the dragon and gathers a small band of men.
- During the battle, many of his warriors flee, but Wiglaf remains loyal and helps Beowulf.
- Together, they defeat the dragon, but Beowulf is mortally wounded in the battle.
- Quote: "No man can have a greater / love than he who gives his life." (lines 740-741)
Section 7: The Spoils
Line 775 to 840
Summary:
- As Beowulf lies dying, he entrusts Wiglaf with his kingdom and instructs him to build a barrow in his honor.
- Wiglaf retrieves the dragon's treasure and brings it to Beowulf, fulfilling his last wishes.
- The spoils are described as rich and glorious, fitting for a hero of Beowulf's stature.
- After Beowulf’s death, a lament is heard from his warriors, marking the loss of their great king.
- Quote: "He was a good king, wise and gentle." (lines 826)
Section 8: The Farewell
Line 845 to 865
Summary:
- Beowulf's funeral is marked by mourning and respect from his people, reflecting on his heroic deeds.
- The Geats build a magnificent burial mound by the sea, placing the treasures next to him, symbolizing his legacy.
- Beowulf is honored for his bravery, and the Geats anticipate a darker future without their beloved king.
- The poem concludes with a reflection on Beowulf’s enduring legacy as a hero.
- Quote: "They left the land of the Geats / mourning their lord." (lines 861-862)