Read the following verses from the Analects: “The Master said, ‘If one is guided by profit in one’s actions, one will incur much ill will.’” “The Master said, ‘The gentleman understands what is moral. The small man understands what is profitable.’” Based on these verses, what does Confucius recognize about specific attitudes toward specific social classes in ancient China? (1 point) Responses The low positions held by the Nong meant that they were seen by the higher-ranking members of Chinese society as being lazy and greedy. The low positions held by the Nong meant that they were seen by the higher-ranking members of Chinese society as being lazy and greedy. The Shi were held in low esteem because they did not practice moral behavior when running the government. The Shi were held in low esteem because they did not practice moral behavior when running the government. The Shang class were viewed with disrespect because their greed threatened natural harmony. The Shang class were viewed with disrespect because their greed threatened natural harmony. The Gong were held in lower respect than the Shang because they produced goods with their hands.

Answer 1

Confucius's recognition of specific attitudes toward social classes in ancient China can be inferred from his emphasis on moral versus profit-oriented behavior. He contrasts the "gentleman," who understands and prioritizes moral values, with the "small man," who focuses on profit. This suggests that the higher social classes, represented by the gentlemen, were viewed as morally superior and responsible for maintaining ethical standards in society. In contrast, those in lower social classes, who may have prioritized material gain over morality, were likely seen as less respectable.

Therefore, the attitude reflected in these verses indicates that Confucius regarded moral behavior as a hallmark of nobility and virtue, which was expected from the upper classes. Similarly, it implies a critique of those lower in the social hierarchy who were perceived as being motivated by self-interest rather than ethical principles.

None of the specific statements provided accurately summarize the Confucian view as expressed in the provided verses, but it can be concluded that overall, the focus on morality over profit aligns with a hierarchical view of social classes, where those prioritizing virtue are seen as superior and responsible leaders of society.