Re-write this Python code that counts down from 5 to 0 in 5 seconds in a more efficient way:

Question

import time
seconds = 5
print("Remaining time: " + str(seconds))
seconds = seconds - 1
time.sleep(1)
print("Remaining time: " + str(seconds))
seconds = seconds - 1
time.sleep(1)
print("Remaining time: " + str(seconds))
seconds = seconds - 1
time.sleep(1)
print("Remaining time: " + str(seconds))
seconds = seconds - 1
time.sleep(1)
print("Remaining time: " + str(seconds))
seconds = seconds - 1
time.sleep(1)
print("Remaining time: " + str(seconds))

Imagine you are writing a program that will be used to manage production at a cookie factory. Describe one object you will create; it should have at least two methods and three attributes.
Look at the following program. Is it procedural or object-oriented? What would you do to convert it to the other type?

song1 = "Let's Dance"
song1_info = [128, 34, 304]

song2 = "Party Time!"
song2_info = [144, 32, 439]

song3 = "My Dreams"
song3_info = [93, 41, 339]

Describe in your own words what this program does:

class Meals:
def __init__(self, name):
self.name = name

fish = Meals("salmon")
print(fish.name)

Write a Python module that solves a problem.

Answer 1

Rewriting the Countdown Code

Here is a more efficient way to achieve the countdown from 5 to 0 in 5 seconds using a loop:

import time

for seconds in range(5, -1, -1):
    print("Remaining time: " + str(seconds))
    time.sleep(1)

Object Description for Cookie Factory Management

For managing production at a cookie factory, we can create a CookieBatch object with the following attributes and methods:

Object Name: CookieBatch

Attributes:

1. batch_number: An identifier for the batch of cookies.
2. cookie_type: The specific type of cookie being produced (e.g., chocolate chip, oatmeal).
3. quantity: The number of cookies being baked in the batch.

Methods:

1. start_baking(): This method initiates the baking process, logging the start time and status of the batch.
2. check_status(): This method returns the current status of the batch (e.g., "Baking", "Finished") based on the baking time.

Analysis of the Given Program

The provided program is procedural in nature as it uses a sequence of actions defined in a linear fashion (i.e., declaring variables for songs and their info separately).

To convert this program to an object-oriented format, you could define a Song class to encapsulate the attributes and behaviors related to a song. The Song class could have attributes such as title, bpm, duration, and methods to display song info or play the song.

Example Object-Oriented Structure:

class Song:
    def __init__(self, title, bpm, duration):
        self.title = title
        self.bpm = bpm
        self.duration = duration

    def display_info(self):
        return f"Title: {self.title}, BPM: {self.bpm}, Duration: {self.duration} seconds"

# Creating song instances
song1 = Song("Let's Dance", 128, 304)
song2 = Song("Party Time!", 144, 439)
song3 = Song("My Dreams", 93, 339)

# Displaying info for each song
print(song1.display_info())
print(song2.display_info())
print(song3.display_info())

Explanation of the Provided Class

The given class Meals defines a simple object that represents a meal.

• The __init__ method initializes the object with a name.
• An instance of the class is created for fish with the name "salmon".
• The print(fish.name) statement outputs the name of the meal, which in this case will be "salmon".

Writing a Python Module to Solve a Problem

Here is a simple Python module that solves the problem of calculating the average score of students in a class:

# student_scores.py

def calculate_average(scores):
    """Calculates the average of a list of scores."""
    if not scores:
        return 0
    return sum(scores) / len(scores)

def add_score(scores, score):
    """Adds a new score to the list of scores."""
    scores.append(score)
    return scores

if __name__ == "__main__":
    scores = []
    while True:
        try:
            new_score = float(input("Enter the student's score (or type 'exit' to finish): "))
            add_score(scores, new_score)
            avg = calculate_average(scores)
            print(f"Current scores: {scores}, Average score: {avg:.2f}")
        except ValueError:
            break
    print("Final average score:", calculate_average(scores))

Explanation:

• The module includes two functions: calculate_average to compute the average of scores and add_score to add a new score to the list.
• The if __name__ == "__main__": block allows you to run the module interactively by taking scores as input from the user until they type "exit". It calculates and displays the average score after each entry.