Primary succession occurs when pioneer species move into an area that has no plants. Which organisms are common pioneer species?

Question

A. Conifer trees and tall grasses with roots that loosen the soil
B. Mosses and lichens that can grow on rocky surfaces
C. Grasses and weeds that arrive as seeds carried by the wind and then germinate in rich soil
D. Vines and shrubs that help prevent the erosion of shallow soil